Модальные глаголы must have to упражнения

Итак, вы уже знаете английские модальные глаголы (уровень beginner). В этом уроке мы подробно разберем еще один важный момент. Как известно, модальные глаголы — это особые глаголы и они не изменяются по временам. Вместо них это делают их эквиваленты.

• must = have to
• can = be able to
• may = be allowed to

Чтобы понять, как работают эквиваленты модальных глаголов в разных временах, надо выполнить упражнения на модальные глаголы (уровень intermediate).

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Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в английском языке. Упражнения

I. Модальный глагол MUST (have to)

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.

1. You must work hard on your English.
2. You must learn the words.
3. You must not talk at the lessons.
4. You must not be late.
5. Must I learn this poem by heart? (чаще Shall I learn this poem by heart?)
6. It must be cold outside.*
7. She must be very hungry.*

Упражнение 2. Переведите на русский язык.

1. I have to work late today.
2. She had to stay at home because she did not feel well.
3. Peter will have to stay at home because it will be very cold.
4. Mike had to write this exercise at school because he had not done it at home.
5. They had to call the doctor because the grandmother had fallen ill.
6. Why did you have to stay at home yesterday? — Because my parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister.
7. It is Sunday tomorrow, so he won’t have to go at work, but he will have to do a lot at home.
8. I haven’t written my essay, so I will have to write it on Sunday.
9. Why do you have to get up early every day?
10. Will you have to get up early tomorrow?

Упражнение 3. Перепишите каждое предложение дважды:в прошедшем и в будущем времени. Заменяйте модальный глагол must его эквивалентом.

1. You must read the text several times.
2. The doctor must examine the child.
3. You must take part in the work.
4. She must go if she doesn’t want to be late.
5. They must get ready for exams.
6. He must do it on time.
7. I must ask my parents.

II. Модальный глагол CAN (be able to)

Упражнение 4. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The child can swim.
2. She can speak French.
3. Can you help me in the garden?
4. Can you wait till tomorrow morning?
5. I cannot dance.
6. My little sister cannot walk.
7. You can’t do this.
8. You can’t smoke in public places.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на русский язык.

1. I am able to do it.
2. She will be able to get to the airport in time.
3. He was able to swim across the river.
4. They were able to finish the work on time.
5. Will you be able to help me about the house?
6. He isn’t able to buy a new car.
7. They won’t be able to arrange everything by themselves.

Упражнение 6. Напишите форму модального глагола CAN или его эквивалента в зависимости от времени.

1. I ________ swim when I was four.
2. Now I _______use a computer very well.
3. I __________to play the piano when I was seven.
4. I __________to drive a car next year.
5. Now I _________not drive a car.

Упражнение 7. Напишите форму модального глагола CAN или его эквивалента в предложении в зависимости от времени.

1. He _______ not speak English when he was four.
2. He _____not speak English very well now.
3. I am afraid he __________(not) to go to England next year.
4. She ______(not) to sing now. She feels bad.
5. I hope she __________ to sing tomorrow when she is better.

Упражнение 8. Вставьте в предложения формы модального глагола can или его эквивалент be able to в зависимости от времени глагола.

1. What is your favourite sport? — Swimming. I ______swim when I was four.
2. Do you like Maths? — Maths is my worst subject. I ________to do sums.
3. I need your help with English. — Ok, ______you _________to come to my place tomorrow?
4. Why did you buy a new computer? — The old computer was very slow. I _________play games on it.
5. I think the box is heavy. — No, it’s OK. I _____ carry it.
6. Did you go out on Saturday? — No, I didn’t. I ______go out because I was ill.
7. They _______to speak English two years ago.
8. Kate _________to come to the party tomorrow.
9. He is lazy. I think he ______to get a good job.
10. She didn’t study hard and ______to enter a university.

Упражнение 9. Вставьте формы модального глагола CAN или его эквиваленты.

These days many people _________ to buy computers. We ___________use them for work and play. In the past, nobody________beleive stories about robots and space travel, but now computers ___________to walk and talk. They _________to fly to the moon! They __________send messages, write music and speak different languages! In future, they _________to do many different things. Scientists __________to make robots like people but I don’t think computers ______ever _________ to feel emotions.

Упражнение 10. Перепишите следующие предложения с учетом предложений в скобках. Замените модальный глагол саn (could) выражением to be able to, где это нужно.

1. They can appreciate your kindness. – Они могут оценить твою доброту.

Они никогда не смогут оценить твою доброту. (never)

2. He could translate that article. – Он мог перевести эту статью.

Он смог перевести эту статью после того, как он перевел столько текстов по данной тематике. (had translated so many texts on the subject).

3. You can go to the country. – Ты можешь поехать за город.

Ты сможешь поехать за город, когда сдашь экзамены. (when you have passed your exams).

4. We can go on to the next exercise. – Мы можем переходить к следующему упражнению.

Мы сможем перейти к следующему упражнению после того, как сделаем это. (when we have done this one).

5. I can give you my book for a couple of days. – Я могу дать тебе книгу на пару дней.

Я смогу дать тебе эту книгу на пару дней после того, как ее прочитаю. (after I have read it).

6. We knew that she could swim. – Мы знали, что она умеет плавать.

Мы знали, что она умела плавать с детства. (since childhood).

7. You cannot take part in this competition. – Ты не можешь принять участие в этом соревновании.
Ты не сможешь принять участие в этом соревновании, пока не овладеешь достаточными навыками. (until you have mastered good skills).

Упражнение 11. Посмотрите на знаки. Выберите правильный вариант.

Упражнение 12. Заполните пропуски. вставьте have to or can’t.

Нам часто приходится выполнять инструкции и подчиняться правилам, в этом случае мы говорим «приходится» и «не разрешено». Вот несколько правил поведения в общественных местах.

1. In a plane you __________ use a mobile phone, you ___________wear a seat belt.
2. At the cinema you ________smoke, you_____________ _switch off your mobile phone.
3. In the library you _______ be quiet, you _________write in the books.
4. In the hospital you ___________use a mobile, you ___________take medicine.
5. At the petrol station you ____________light a cigarette, you ____________pay for the petrol.

III. Модальный глагол MAY (be allowed to)

Упражнение 13. Переведите на русский язык.

1. May I invite Kate for dinner?
2. May I go home?
3. You may watch TV after you have done your homework.
4. You may go for a walk after you have washed the dishes.
5. Don’t go alone, you may lose your way.
6. Don’t give the vase to the child, he may break it.
7. It may be true.
8. It may take a long time.

ПРИМЕР. May I buy an ice-cream? – The child asked his mother if he might buy an ice-cream.

Упражнение 14. Переведите на русский язык.

1. I am allowed to stay late at night.
2. He is allowed to invite his friends to his place.
3. She isn’t allowed to come home late.
4. They are allowed to have a disco party at school.
5. They are allowed to wear casual clothes at the office.
6. It is not allowed to park cars here.
7. It is not allowed to turn left here.

Упражнение 15. Вставьте модальный глагол may (might) или выражение to be allowed to. Вставляйте to be allowed to только в тех случаях, где may (might) использовать нельзя.

1. Не … go home if he likes.

2. As soon as the boy … leave the room, he ran out to join his friends outside.

3. The doctor says I am much better. I … get up for a few hours every day.

4. … I bring my sister to the party?

5. He asked if he … bring his sister to the party.

6. After the children had finished their homework, they … watch TV.

7. He … join the sports club as soon as he passes his medical examination (медицинский осмотр).

8. His mother said that everybody… take part in the picnic.

9. If you pass your exams, you … go to the south.

10. … you … to go out in the evening?

11. … I bor­row your car, please?

12. He asked if he … borrow my car.

13…. I have a look at your newspaper?

14. One day all his dreams … come true.

15. … Kate … to have a pet?

IV. Модальный глагол NEED

Упражнение 16. Переведите на русский язык.

1. I need not go to work today.
2. You need not translate this difficult text.
3. You need not do everything by yourself.
4. She need not buy bread.
5. They need not wait for him.
6. Need I cook the dinner? (достаточно редко употребляется, чаще)
7. Shall I cook the dinner?

Упражнение 17. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол need

ПРИМЕР. It is not necessary to go there. = You need not go there.

1. It is not necessary to take a taxi.
2. It is not necessary to buy the child everything he wants.
3. It is not necessary to get up early on weekends.
4. It is not necessary for you to be present at the meeting.
5. It is not necessary for him to remind me about her birthday.
6. It is not necessary for mother to cook a pie. We can buy a cake.

V. Модальный глагол SHOULD

Упражнение 18. Переведите на русский язык.

1. You should apologize if you are wrong.
2. Parents should know how to encourage your child.
3. She should pay attention to his words.
4. He should play less and work more.
5. Parents shouldn’t quarrel in the presence of their child.
6. You shouldn’t drink cold milk if you are ill.
7. They shouldn’t give their child everything he wants.

Упражнение 19. Дайте совет, используя модальный глагол should и фразы, данные в скобках.

ПРИМЕР. She doesn’t read very well. (to read aloud) — She should read aloud.

1. This child doesn’t want to eat soup. (give her sweets before dinner)
2. She has done a lot of spelling mistakes. (to rewrite the exercise again.)
3. The dog is afraid of him. (not to shout at the dog)
4. The students couldn’t understand what the teacher said in English. (not to speak so fast)
5. The boy looks pale. (to play out of doors)
6. I am afraid you will miss the last train. (to take a taxi)
7. It is going to rain. (to take an umbrella with you)

Упражнение 20 (заключительное). Вставьте модальный глагол, исходя из контекста.

1. Mum, ……..… I buy an ice-cream? (можно)
2. You …..…. hear this music everywhere, it’s very popular. (можешь)
3. What …..…. I do to help you? (могу)
4. You …..…. not read in bed. (нельзя)
5. You………..…. not worry. All is going to be fine. (не нужно)
6. I think you ………….. buy this book. (следует)
7. He ……………..give up smoking after a heart attack. (должен)

Вы выполнили упражнения на модальные глаголы MUST, CAN, MAY, NEED, SHOULD и их эквиваленты.

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Модальные глаголы в английском языке. Упражнения с ответами

Модальные глаголы — это глаголы, которые не используются самостоятельно; они выражают отношение говорящего к какому-либо действию или состоянию. Говорящий может оценивать действие как возможное, необходимое, разрешенное, запрещенное, приказываемое и т.п. Модальные глаголы часто используются в английском языке для выражения обязательства, долга, необходимости, разрешения, запрета, возможности, способности/неспособности, для выражения критического замечания, предложения или для того, чтобы дать совет.

К модальным глаголам относятся can/could (уметь, быть в состоянии/мог, умел), may/might (может/мог (используется для выражения вероятности или разрешения)), must/have to (должен («категоричный» глагол)/должен в связи с какими-то обстоятельствами), ought to (следует, нужно), shall/should (для предложения совместного действия, предложение услуги,совет), will/would (намерения, желания, обещания). Could, would, might — это формы глаголов в прошлом времени.

Насколько хорошо Вы знакомы с английскими модальными глаголами, проверим на упражнениях.

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Exercise 1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. You can/could buy the present yesterday.
2. 2. I think we could/will be able to buy the tickets beforehand.
3. Eddy must/had to return me this book yesterday.
4. The students must/mustn’t make a noise in the classroom.
5. The children may/will be allowed to play in the park today.
6. My mother may not/won’t allow me to take her camera.
7. Your cousin can/may play guitar very well.
8. All the students had to/will have to pass the exams at the end of the year.
9. Last year Ben could/couldn’t speak English, but now he can/can’t speak English rather well.
10. I think they can/will be able to take part in this festival next year.

Answers: 1. could 2. will be able to 3. had to 4. mustn’t 5. may 6. won’t allow 7. can 8. will have to 9. couldn’t, can 10. will be able to.

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Exercise 2. Дополните предложения глаголами в скобках.

1. Jane…play the violin a year ago, but now she … play well. She…play at the concert in two month. (can, could, be able to)
2. You … watch this film yesterday. I…you to go for a walk when you finish your homework. Your friend…visit you today. (may, might, will allow)
3. Oscar…take an aspirin an hour ago. He…go to bed right now. He…visit the doctor in three days. (must, had to, will have to)
4. My friend…speak French very well. He…speak French when he was twelve. I think he…go to university in France in his future. (can, could, will be able to)
5. We…clean the flat now. We…clean the flat yesterday, but we had a lot of homework to do. We…go shopping tomorrow evening. (had to, must, will be able to)
6. Tony and Den…go to the cinema yesterday. If they have already had dinner, they…play computer games. Their parents…the boys to go to the river next Saturday. (may, might, will allow)

Answers: 1. could, can, will be able to 2. might, will allow, may 3. had to, must, will have to 4. can, could, will be able to 5. must, had to, will be able to 6. might, may, will allow.

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Exercise 3. Сделайте предложения отрицательными и вопросительными.

1. Henry can play volleyball very well.
2. We could help you with house chores yesterday.
3. Dolly must look after her little cousin.
4. They may go fishing with Bob.
5. Alex could return me this disc yesterday.
6. He may give you sweets after dinner.
7. Mary must translate this text.
8. I can make a cup of tea for them.
9. You must take care of your sister.
10. The doctor can examine you.
11. Nick could ski last winter.

Answers: 1. Henry can’t play volleyball very well. Can Henry play volleyball very well? 2. We couldn’t help you with house chores yesterday. Could we help you with house chores yesterday? 3. Dolly mustn’t look after her little cousin. Must Dolly look after her little cousin? 4. They may not go fishing with Bob. May they go fishing with Bob? 5. Alex couldn’t return me this disc yesterday. Could Alex return me this disc yesterday? 6. He may not give you sweets after dinner. May he give you sweets after dinner? 7. Mary mustn’t translate this text. Must Mary translate this text? 8. I can’t make a cup of tea for them. Can I make a cup of tea for them? 9. You mustn’t take care of your sister. Must you take care of your sister? 10. The doctor can’t examine you. Can the doctor examine you? 11. Nick couldn’t ski last winter. Could Nick ski last winter?

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Exercise 4. Дополните предложения, используя модальные глаголы и слова в скобках (как в примере).

Ron can play football but (to play basketball —) — Ron can play football but he can’t play basketball.

Sue must learn the poem but (to write an essay ?) — Sue must learn the poem but must she write an essay?

1. Jack and Paul may ride bikes but (to ride fast -).
2. Amy could skate last year but (to ski ?).
3. You may watch the cartoon but (to watch the film -).
4. I must paint the roof but (to paint the fence ?).
5. Eric can read in French but (to speak French ?).
6. Children must eat fruit but (to eat many sweets -).
7. At the age of two Betty could walk but (to speak -).
8. You may take my car but (drive without a licence -).

Answers: 1. Jack and Paul may ride bikes but they may not ride fast. 2. …could she ski? 3. …you may not watch the film. 4. must I paint the fence? 5. …can he speak French? 6. … they mustn’t eat many sweets. 7. … she couldn’t speak. 8. … you may not drive without a licence.

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Exercise 5. Напишите вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. The boys can swim in the lake in summer.
2. We must buy a present for our mother.
3. Pam may listen to music in her room.
4. They could ski in the mountains in winter.

Answers: 1. Who can swim in the lake in summer? What can the boys do in summer? Where can the boys swim in summer? When can the boys swim in the lake? 2. Who must buy a present for our mother? What must we do for our mother? What must we buy for our mother? Whom must we buy a present for? 3. Who may listen to music in her room? What may Pam do in her room? What may Pam listen to in her room? In whose room may Pam listen to music? Where may Pam listen to music? 4. Who could ski in the mountains in winter? What could they do in winter? Where could they ski in winter? When could they ski in the mountains?

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Exercise 6. Дополните шутки глаголами can или can’t.

1.B: …a kangaroo jump higher than the Eiffel Tower?

А: Yes, because the Eiffel Tower … jump!

2. А: Meet my newborn brother.

B: I don’t know. I … understand a wprd he says.

3. Teacher: How … we get some clean water?

Student: Bring the water from the river and wash it.

Answers: 1. can, can’t 2. can’t 3. can.

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Exercise 7. Дополните предложения must или have to.

1. I am very tired. I … go to bed earlier today.
2. My parents think I … go to bed early to have a good sleep.
3. I … buy bread. My mother asked me about it.
4. I have got a terrible headache. I … take an aspirin.
5. My teacher says I … pay more attention to my pronunciation.
6. We have nothing to eat. We … go shopping.
7. Paul’s coach says he … exercise more to get good results at the competition.
8. Vicky’s room is in mess. She … tidy it.
9. The weather is so wonderful today! We … go out for a picnic.
10. Jane’s boss thinks she … speak to the clients more politely.

Answers: 1. must 2. have to 3. have to 4. must 5. have to 6. must 7. has to 8. must 9. must 10. has to.

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Exercise 8. Дополните предложения глаголом have to в правильной форме (утвердительной, отрицательной или вопросительной) и времени (настоящее, прошедшее или будущее).

1. Sam has got a toothache so he … visit his dentist today.
2. … we … prepare all the documents yesterday? — No, you … .
3. It is my day off tomorrow so I … go to the office.
4. It was raining yesterday so Frank … take his umbrella.
5. Sally has recovered so now she … stay in bed any more.
6. Sheila and Marion can’t come to our party because they … study for the test tonight.
7. … you … type all these letters today? — Yes, I … .
8. My aunt arrives tomorrow so I … meet her at the railay station.
9. It was very warm yesterday and Jessie … put on her warm sweater.
10. … Clara … fill in this report right now? — No, she… .
11. Let’s go shopping now so that we … do it tomorrow.
12. … Mike … book a hotel room yesterday? — Yes, he… .

Answers: 1. has to 2. Did we have to, didn’t 3. won’t have to 4. had to 5. doesn’t have to 6. can’t, have to 7. have to, do. 8. will have to 9. didn’t have to

10. Does Clara have to, doesn’t 11. won’t have to 12. Did Mike have to, did.

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Exercise 9. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. My little brother can/could count when he was six.
2. I will be able to/was able to send the invitations tomorrow.
3. We can/could order a taxi right now.
4. She won’t be able to/wasn’t able to understand the rule because she had a headache.
5. Alan could/was able to win the competition because his leg didn’t hurt.
6. I’m afraid Sue can’t/won’t be able to take you to the exhibition because she’ll be very busy next Friday.
7. It eas snowing hard and we can’t/weren’t able to drive fast.
8. Olga can’t/couldn’t say a word in English two years ago but now she can/could speak English fluently.

Answers: 1. could 2. will be able 3. can 4. wasn’t able to 5. was able to 6. won’t be able to 7. weren’t able to 8. couldn’t, can.

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Exercise 10. Перепишите предложения, используя may/might, must, can’t, could как в примере.

I don’t think this film is interesting.

This film can’t be interesting.

1. She usually phones me. I think she will phone me today.
2. I don’t know if we meet our cousins.
3. I hope your little brother is near the sandpit.
4. I don’t think the plane arrives on time in such bad weather.
5. I’m not sure if our teacher is still at school.
6. Perhaps your parents will give you some good advice.
7. It’s quite possible that Nick will buy the cake.
8. It’s certain that they are of the same age.
9. I don’t think that the situation is so bad.

Answers: 1. He must phone me today. 2. We may/might meet our cousins. 3. Your little brother could be near the sandpit. 4. The plane can’t arrive on time in such bad weather. 5. Our teacher can’t still be at school. 6. Your parents could/may/might give you some good advice. 7. Nick may/might buy the cake. 8. They must be of the same age. 9. The situation can’t be so bad.

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Exercise 11. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Can/could you buy a newspaper for me, please?
2. I shall/will give you my umbrella if you don’t mind.
3. Would/could you like a ham sandwich?
4. Can/could you phone me in the evening?
5. Shall/will we go to the concert tonight?
6. Can/would you like to try this jumper on?
7. Wait a minute! I shall/will write you my address.
8. Shall/will we have lunch in a cafe?
9. Shall/will you leave a message for me?
10. Can/could he show me the cheque?

Answers: 1. could 2. will 3. would 4. can 5. shall 6. would 7. will 8. shall 9. will 10. can.

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Exercise 12. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Наши соседи должны быть сейчас на работе.
2. Мы опаздываем. Наш учитель может рассердиться.
3. Это не может быть ее номер телефона. Она недавно сменила номер.
4. Мой брат может забыть о встрече.
5. Ты можешь думать, что этот вопрос не такой уж и важный.
6. Она не может быть удивленной. Она знала об этом и раньше.
7. Твои одноклассники могут иметь и другие задания.
8. Этот журнал должен быть у твоего брата. Я давал его ему неделю назад.
9. Эти девушки могут быть сестрами.
10. Я думаю, может пойти дождь.

Answers: 1. Our neighbours must be at work now. 2. We are late. Our teacher may get angry. 3. This can’t be her phone number. She has recently changed her number. 4. My brother may/might forget about the meeting. 5. You may/might think that this question isn’t so important. 6. She can’t be surprised. She knew about it beforehand. 7. Your classmates could have other tasks. 8. Your brother must have this magazine. I gave it to him a week ago. 9. These girls may/might be sisters. I think it may/might rain.

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Exercise 13. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Ты можешь пользоваться компьютером, если у тебя есть работа.
2. Ты не можешь смотреть телевизор. Ты еще не сделал уроки.
3. Ученикам не позволяется пользоваться калькулятором на уроках математики.
4. Можно мне взять ваш чемодан?
5. Можно мне одолжить вашу машину, пожалуйста?
6. Он не может оставаться с нами.
7. Здесь не позволяется оставлять машину.
8. Он может присоединиться к нам, если хочет.
9. Можно мне посмотреть на ваши расчеты, пожалуйста? — Да, конечно.
10. Можно мне яблоко? — Сначала тебе следует помыть руки, а потом ты можешь взять яблоко.

Answers: 1. You may use the computer if you have any work. 2. You can’t watch TV. You haven’t done the homework yet. 3. Students can’t use calculators at the Math lessons. 4. Can I take your suitcase? 5. Could I borrow your car, please? 6. He can’t stand with us. 7. You mustn’t leave a car here. 8. He may join us if he wants. 9. Could/Might I look at yourcalculations, please? — Of course, you can. 10. Can I have an apple? — First you should wash your hands and then you can have an apple.

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