Перфект модальных глаголов упражнения

Модальные глаголы — это глаголы, которые не используются самостоятельно; они выражают отношение говорящего к какому-либо действию или состоянию. Говорящий может оценивать действие как возможное, необходимое, разрешенное, запрещенное, приказываемое и т.п. Модальные глаголы часто используются в английском языке для выражения обязательства, долга, необходимости, разрешения, запрета, возможности, способности/неспособности, для выражения критического замечания, предложения или для того, чтобы дать совет.

К модальным глаголам относятся can/could (уметь, быть в состоянии/мог, умел), may/might (может/мог (используется для выражения вероятности или разрешения)), must/have to (должен («категоричный» глагол)/должен в связи с какими-то обстоятельствами), ought to (следует, нужно), shall/should (для предложения совместного действия, предложение услуги,совет), will/would (намерения, желания, обещания). Could, would, might — это формы глаголов в прошлом времени.

Насколько хорошо Вы знакомы с английскими модальными глаголами, проверим на упражнениях.

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Exercise 1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. You can/could buy the present yesterday.
2. 2. I think we could/will be able to buy the tickets beforehand.
3. Eddy must/had to return me this book yesterday.
4. The students must/mustn’t make a noise in the classroom.
5. The children may/will be allowed to play in the park today.
6. My mother may not/won’t allow me to take her camera.
7. Your cousin can/may play guitar very well.
8. All the students had to/will have to pass the exams at the end of the year.
9. Last year Ben could/couldn’t speak English, but now he can/can’t speak English rather well.
10. I think they can/will be able to take part in this festival next year.

Answers: 1. could 2. will be able to 3. had to 4. mustn’t 5. may 6. won’t allow 7. can 8. will have to 9. couldn’t, can 10. will be able to.

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Exercise 2. Дополните предложения глаголами в скобках.

1. Jane…play the violin a year ago, but now she … play well. She…play at the concert in two month. (can, could, be able to)
2. You … watch this film yesterday. I…you to go for a walk when you finish your homework. Your friend…visit you today. (may, might, will allow)
3. Oscar…take an aspirin an hour ago. He…go to bed right now. He…visit the doctor in three days. (must, had to, will have to)
4. My friend…speak French very well. He…speak French when he was twelve. I think he…go to university in France in his future. (can, could, will be able to)
5. We…clean the flat now. We…clean the flat yesterday, but we had a lot of homework to do. We…go shopping tomorrow evening. (had to, must, will be able to)
6. Tony and Den…go to the cinema yesterday. If they have already had dinner, they…play computer games. Their parents…the boys to go to the river next Saturday. (may, might, will allow)

Answers: 1. could, can, will be able to 2. might, will allow, may 3. had to, must, will have to 4. can, could, will be able to 5. must, had to, will be able to 6. might, may, will allow.

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Exercise 3. Сделайте предложения отрицательными и вопросительными.

1. Henry can play volleyball very well.
2. We could help you with house chores yesterday.
3. Dolly must look after her little cousin.
4. They may go fishing with Bob.
5. Alex could return me this disc yesterday.
6. He may give you sweets after dinner.
7. Mary must translate this text.
8. I can make a cup of tea for them.
9. You must take care of your sister.
10. The doctor can examine you.
11. Nick could ski last winter.

Answers: 1. Henry can’t play volleyball very well. Can Henry play volleyball very well? 2. We couldn’t help you with house chores yesterday. Could we help you with house chores yesterday? 3. Dolly mustn’t look after her little cousin. Must Dolly look after her little cousin? 4. They may not go fishing with Bob. May they go fishing with Bob? 5. Alex couldn’t return me this disc yesterday. Could Alex return me this disc yesterday? 6. He may not give you sweets after dinner. May he give you sweets after dinner? 7. Mary mustn’t translate this text. Must Mary translate this text? 8. I can’t make a cup of tea for them. Can I make a cup of tea for them? 9. You mustn’t take care of your sister. Must you take care of your sister? 10. The doctor can’t examine you. Can the doctor examine you? 11. Nick couldn’t ski last winter. Could Nick ski last winter?

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Exercise 4. Дополните предложения, используя модальные глаголы и слова в скобках (как в примере).

Ron can play football but (to play basketball —) — Ron can play football but he can’t play basketball.

Sue must learn the poem but (to write an essay ?) — Sue must learn the poem but must she write an essay?

1. Jack and Paul may ride bikes but (to ride fast -).
2. Amy could skate last year but (to ski ?).
3. You may watch the cartoon but (to watch the film -).
4. I must paint the roof but (to paint the fence ?).
5. Eric can read in French but (to speak French ?).
6. Children must eat fruit but (to eat many sweets -).
7. At the age of two Betty could walk but (to speak -).
8. You may take my car but (drive without a licence -).

Answers: 1. Jack and Paul may ride bikes but they may not ride fast. 2. …could she ski? 3. …you may not watch the film. 4. must I paint the fence? 5. …can he speak French? 6. … they mustn’t eat many sweets. 7. … she couldn’t speak. 8. … you may not drive without a licence.

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Exercise 5. Напишите вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. The boys can swim in the lake in summer.
2. We must buy a present for our mother.
3. Pam may listen to music in her room.
4. They could ski in the mountains in winter.

Answers: 1. Who can swim in the lake in summer? What can the boys do in summer? Where can the boys swim in summer? When can the boys swim in the lake? 2. Who must buy a present for our mother? What must we do for our mother? What must we buy for our mother? Whom must we buy a present for? 3. Who may listen to music in her room? What may Pam do in her room? What may Pam listen to in her room? In whose room may Pam listen to music? Where may Pam listen to music? 4. Who could ski in the mountains in winter? What could they do in winter? Where could they ski in winter? When could they ski in the mountains?

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Exercise 6. Дополните шутки глаголами can или can’t.

1.B: …a kangaroo jump higher than the Eiffel Tower?

А: Yes, because the Eiffel Tower … jump!

2. А: Meet my newborn brother.

B: I don’t know. I … understand a wprd he says.

3. Teacher: How … we get some clean water?

Student: Bring the water from the river and wash it.

Answers: 1. can, can’t 2. can’t 3. can.

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Exercise 7. Дополните предложения must или have to.

1. I am very tired. I … go to bed earlier today.
2. My parents think I … go to bed early to have a good sleep.
3. I … buy bread. My mother asked me about it.
4. I have got a terrible headache. I … take an aspirin.
5. My teacher says I … pay more attention to my pronunciation.
6. We have nothing to eat. We … go shopping.
7. Paul’s coach says he … exercise more to get good results at the competition.
8. Vicky’s room is in mess. She … tidy it.
9. The weather is so wonderful today! We … go out for a picnic.
10. Jane’s boss thinks she … speak to the clients more politely.

Answers: 1. must 2. have to 3. have to 4. must 5. have to 6. must 7. has to 8. must 9. must 10. has to.

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Exercise 8. Дополните предложения глаголом have to в правильной форме (утвердительной, отрицательной или вопросительной) и времени (настоящее, прошедшее или будущее).

1. Sam has got a toothache so he … visit his dentist today.
2. … we … prepare all the documents yesterday? — No, you … .
3. It is my day off tomorrow so I … go to the office.
4. It was raining yesterday so Frank … take his umbrella.
5. Sally has recovered so now she … stay in bed any more.
6. Sheila and Marion can’t come to our party because they … study for the test tonight.
7. … you … type all these letters today? — Yes, I … .
8. My aunt arrives tomorrow so I … meet her at the railay station.
9. It was very warm yesterday and Jessie … put on her warm sweater.
10. … Clara … fill in this report right now? — No, she… .
11. Let’s go shopping now so that we … do it tomorrow.
12. … Mike … book a hotel room yesterday? — Yes, he… .

Answers: 1. has to 2. Did we have to, didn’t 3. won’t have to 4. had to 5. doesn’t have to 6. can’t, have to 7. have to, do. 8. will have to 9. didn’t have to

10. Does Clara have to, doesn’t 11. won’t have to 12. Did Mike have to, did.

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Exercise 9. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. My little brother can/could count when he was six.
2. I will be able to/was able to send the invitations tomorrow.
3. We can/could order a taxi right now.
4. She won’t be able to/wasn’t able to understand the rule because she had a headache.
5. Alan could/was able to win the competition because his leg didn’t hurt.
6. I’m afraid Sue can’t/won’t be able to take you to the exhibition because she’ll be very busy next Friday.
7. It eas snowing hard and we can’t/weren’t able to drive fast.
8. Olga can’t/couldn’t say a word in English two years ago but now she can/could speak English fluently.

Answers: 1. could 2. will be able 3. can 4. wasn’t able to 5. was able to 6. won’t be able to 7. weren’t able to 8. couldn’t, can.

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Exercise 10. Перепишите предложения, используя may/might, must, can’t, could как в примере.

I don’t think this film is interesting.

This film can’t be interesting.

1. She usually phones me. I think she will phone me today.
2. I don’t know if we meet our cousins.
3. I hope your little brother is near the sandpit.
4. I don’t think the plane arrives on time in such bad weather.
5. I’m not sure if our teacher is still at school.
6. Perhaps your parents will give you some good advice.
7. It’s quite possible that Nick will buy the cake.
8. It’s certain that they are of the same age.
9. I don’t think that the situation is so bad.

Answers: 1. He must phone me today. 2. We may/might meet our cousins. 3. Your little brother could be near the sandpit. 4. The plane can’t arrive on time in such bad weather. 5. Our teacher can’t still be at school. 6. Your parents could/may/might give you some good advice. 7. Nick may/might buy the cake. 8. They must be of the same age. 9. The situation can’t be so bad.

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Exercise 11. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Can/could you buy a newspaper for me, please?
2. I shall/will give you my umbrella if you don’t mind.
3. Would/could you like a ham sandwich?
4. Can/could you phone me in the evening?
5. Shall/will we go to the concert tonight?
6. Can/would you like to try this jumper on?
7. Wait a minute! I shall/will write you my address.
8. Shall/will we have lunch in a cafe?
9. Shall/will you leave a message for me?
10. Can/could he show me the cheque?

Answers: 1. could 2. will 3. would 4. can 5. shall 6. would 7. will 8. shall 9. will 10. can.

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Exercise 12. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Наши соседи должны быть сейчас на работе.
2. Мы опаздываем. Наш учитель может рассердиться.
3. Это не может быть ее номер телефона. Она недавно сменила номер.
4. Мой брат может забыть о встрече.
5. Ты можешь думать, что этот вопрос не такой уж и важный.
6. Она не может быть удивленной. Она знала об этом и раньше.
7. Твои одноклассники могут иметь и другие задания.
8. Этот журнал должен быть у твоего брата. Я давал его ему неделю назад.
9. Эти девушки могут быть сестрами.
10. Я думаю, может пойти дождь.

Answers: 1. Our neighbours must be at work now. 2. We are late. Our teacher may get angry. 3. This can’t be her phone number. She has recently changed her number. 4. My brother may/might forget about the meeting. 5. You may/might think that this question isn’t so important. 6. She can’t be surprised. She knew about it beforehand. 7. Your classmates could have other tasks. 8. Your brother must have this magazine. I gave it to him a week ago. 9. These girls may/might be sisters. I think it may/might rain.

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Exercise 13. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Ты можешь пользоваться компьютером, если у тебя есть работа.
2. Ты не можешь смотреть телевизор. Ты еще не сделал уроки.
3. Ученикам не позволяется пользоваться калькулятором на уроках математики.
4. Можно мне взять ваш чемодан?
5. Можно мне одолжить вашу машину, пожалуйста?
6. Он не может оставаться с нами.
7. Здесь не позволяется оставлять машину.
8. Он может присоединиться к нам, если хочет.
9. Можно мне посмотреть на ваши расчеты, пожалуйста? — Да, конечно.
10. Можно мне яблоко? — Сначала тебе следует помыть руки, а потом ты можешь взять яблоко.

Answers: 1. You may use the computer if you have any work. 2. You can’t watch TV. You haven’t done the homework yet. 3. Students can’t use calculators at the Math lessons. 4. Can I take your suitcase? 5. Could I borrow your car, please? 6. He can’t stand with us. 7. You mustn’t leave a car here. 8. He may join us if he wants. 9. Could/Might I look at yourcalculations, please? — Of course, you can. 10. Can I have an apple? — First you should wash your hands and then you can have an apple.

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Perfect & Continuous Infinitive (часть 3, для продолжающих). Упражнения

ПРИМЕР He is glad to have finished his work. – Он рад, что закончил свою работу.

1. Perfect Infinitive после модального глагола MUST выражает предположение о совершенности действия.

ПРИМЕР He must have forgotten about it. — Он, должно быть, забыл об этом.

1. Perfect Infinitive после модальных глаголов SHOULD, COULD выражает действие, которое могло бы совершиться, но не совершилось.

ПРИМЕР You should have gone there. — Тебе следовало пойти туда (но ты не сходил).

Perfect Infinitive (в активном залоге). Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect Infinitive.

1. The child was sorry to have forgotten to feed the dog.
2. I am glad to have met you.
3. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
4. He must have seen her at the party. (must — в значении предположения)
5. She was disappointed not to have passed the exam.

Упражнение 2. Замените выделенные части предложений инфи­нитивными оборотами Indefinite Infinitive и Perfect Infinitive.

ПРИМЕР He is sorry that he has said it. — He is sorry to have said it.

1. It is certain that it will rain if you don’t take your umbrella.
2. Don’t promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can.
3. He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother.
4. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert.
5. I am glad that I see all my friends here.
6. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in.
7. I will be delighted if I can join you.
8. He hopes that he will know everything about it.
9. I was lucky that I had attended this concert.
10. They were excited that they had reached the city at last.

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения с Perfect Infinitive в значении предположения.

1. You must have left your book at school.
2. She must have left the town.
3. The student must have finished writing the essay.
4. He must have forgotten to warn them.
5. I must have seen you before. Your face seems familiar to me.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения с Perfect Infinitive в значении неодобрения.

1. You should have left a message for her.
2. She shouldn’t have taken the child to the cinema.
3. He should have worked harder.
4. I shouldn’t have eaten too much.
5. We shouldn’t have spent so much money.

Упражнение 5. Перефразируйте предложения, используя Perfect Infinitive в значении уверенного предположения.

• probably — вероятно
• evidently — очевидно

1. Probably they have solved the problem.
2. Probably you left your umbrella in the bus.
3. Probably Helen forgot to call him.
4. Evidently mother took my key by mistake.
5. Evidently they took the wrong turning.

Continuous и Perfect Continuous Infinitive

Формы Continuous Infinitive и Perfect Continuous Infinitive встречаются довольно редко, но важно знать следующее.

1. Continuous Infinitive употребляется для выражения длительного действия, одновременного с действием, выраженным глаголом.

ПРИМЕР The weather seems to be improving. – Кажется, погода улучшается.

1. Perfect Continuous Infinitive употребляется для выражения длительного действия, совершавшегося в течении отрезка времени, предшествовавшего действию, выраженному глаголом.

ПРИМЕР
He is known to have been working on this problem for many years. — Известно, что он работает над этой проблемой уже много лет.

Continuous и Perfect Continuous Infinitive. Упражнения

Упражнение 6. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Continuous и Perfect Continuous Infinitive.

• He pretended to be reading. – Он притворялся, что читает.
• He must be reading. – Он, должно быть, читает.

1. He is glad to be skating on such a nice day.
2. They were sure to be going in the wrong direction.
3. The children were glad to have been walking for so long.
4. Grandfather must be sleeping.
5. They must be walking in the park now.

Упражнение 7. Перефразируйте предложения, используя Continuous и Perfect Continuous Infinitive в значении предположения.

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