Хорошее владение лексикой – это главное в изучении языка. Чем лучше вы умеете оперировать однокоренными словами, тем богаче и увереннее ваша речь. Уверены в том, что ваш лексикон достаточно богат?
Тогда, предлагаем вам пройти тест на словообразование в английском языке — и выяснить, нет ли каких-то пробелов в ваших знаниях. Напоминаем, что выбор правильного слова зависит от его значения в словосочетании и предложении. Поэтому уделите должное внимание переводу до выбора ответа. Успехов!
Онлайн — тест на словообразование в английском
It’s the … day in my life!
happy happiest happiness unhappy
All … want to have a lot of freedom.
child childhood children childish
I’m really … . The film is a failure.
boring boredom bore bored
If you have a passion, you will definitely … in life.
success successful succeed unsuccessful
He's very … . He even doesn’t say 'hello'.
friendly friendship unfriendly friend
It’s important to be a … person to get this job.
irresponsible responsible responsibility response
The … of the mayor was very inspiring!
spoke speech speechless speak
The souvenirs are nice but … .
practice impractical practical practicing
Yesterday's … was great! I haven’t seen such cool stuff before.
performance perform performing performed
He's always … ! He doesn't pay attention to serious things.
careful caring careless care
To be punctual is very … .
unprofessional professional profession professor
Wow! The scarf … from the clown’s hand!
appeared has disappeared appearing appearance
When you advertise something it’s better to … samples.
demonstrate demonstrating demonstrating demonstrated
The room looks … . You should add some bright details.
colour colourful colourless colouring
If you can see the beauty, you are a … in your soul.
painting painter paint painted
Your work is not enough … .
scientific science scientist unscientific
You should … all the good things that happen to you.
valuable value invaluable valued
My favorite subject at school is … .
Historian Historic Historical History
The wind is … today.
changeable change changing exchange
Today all the children are … to mobile phones.
addict addictive addiction addicted
Чтобы продолжить тест, выберите один из вариантов ответа.
Вы ответили правильно на
18 вопросов из 20
Упс. Два балла((( Скорее начинайте учить английский язык с онлайн самоучителем Lim English. С ним Вы гарантированно получите результат.
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Превосходный результат! Вы отлично владеете английским языком в рамках выбранного уровня. Нет предела совершенству, используйте онлайн самоучитель Lim-English — это отличный способ всегда быть в форме. Проверьте свои силы на наших курсах для продвинутых.
Видео:Словообразование: суффиксы прилагательных. Часть 1Скачать
Упражнения на словообразование в английском языке
Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, de compose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.
Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их:
Achievement — achieve, resistance — resistant, assistance — assist — assistant, celebration — celebrate, difference — different, city — citizen, nation — national — nationality, measure — measurement, develop — development, act — active — activity, contain — container, discover — discovery — discoverer, literature — literary, graduate — graduation — undergraduate — post-graduate, educate — education, progress — progressive, act — action — activity — active, govern — governor — government.
Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ег или —or. Переведите на русский язык:
To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.
Ex. 4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса —ist, —ism, —ian. Переведите на русский язык:
Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.
are, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.
Ex. 7. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов —able, —ible, переведите их на русский язык:
Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect,fashion,flex.
Ex. 8. Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к ка кой части речи эти слова относятся:
British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.
Ex. 9. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса —en:
Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp,
Ex. 10. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у и переведите их:
Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.
Ex. 11. Образуйте глаголы от данных существительных. Переве дите их:
Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.
Ex. 12. Переведите на русский язык. Выделите словообразу ющие элементы. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова:
React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; poison,poisonous,extreme,extremely,extremity,extremist,friend,friendship,friendly,unfriendly.
Ex. 13. Переведите следующие сложные слова:
Aircraft,airspace,Air Force , summer-resort,rest-house, custom-house, dining-room,dining car,living-room , fireplace, nightlife,newsagent,sunglasses,popstar,snowboarding,bungee jumping,
. haircut , hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook,rain forest ,lifetime , raincoat, sportsman, sunshine,sunrise,sunset,sunflower,body-piercing.
Ex. 14. Прочтите следующие пары слов, соблюдая ударения. Переведите их:
An accent — to accent, a contract — to contract, a content — to content, a contest — to contest,an increase-to increase, a convict — to convict, a perfect — to perfect, a record — to record,refuse-to refuse,a refugee-to refuge.
Ex. 15. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова:
1. Не works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report. 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. You’ll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work. 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at pre sent. 10. He presented me with a book.
Ex. 16. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов. Определите части речи. Дайте начальную форму. Переведите слова:
Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.
Ex. 17. Напишите сложные существительные, исходя из объяснений.
Например: A machine for drying hair – hair drier.
1. A thing for opening tins — . . 2. A machine for playing records — . . 3. A machine for mixing food — . . 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) — . . 5. Things for warming people’s legs — . . 6. Stuff that kills flies — . . 7. A liquid that removes paint — . . 8. A tool that opens bottles — . . 9. A thing for peeling potatoes — . . 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup — . . 11. Stuff for freshening the air — . .
Ex. 18. Распределите прилагательные по трем группам: 1) люди, 2) места, 3) вещи:
Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.
Ex. 19Выберите слово с нужным по смыслу префиксом или суффиксом.
1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike. 2. I couldn’t work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike. She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. I’ve never known her to tell a lie. She’s a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone else’s opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Mark’s behaviour intolerable / intolerant. It’s unfair to be so selfish. 11. We’re having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I don’t know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. It’s more economic / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.
Ex.19 Подберите к каждой тройке слов такое, чтобы с его помощью образовать составные существительные, используйте слова: board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag.
Например: camp. building. bomb. – campsite, building site, bomb-site.
1. . test, . pressure, . donor. 2. . fall, . melon, . skiing. 3. . house, . grocer, . salad. 4. . club, . mare, . shift. 5. brief. suit. book. . 6. paper. plastic. shoulder. . 7. . bow, . coat, . drop. 8. . shine, . rise, . set. 9. . works, . sign, . rage. 10. black. floor. notice. . 11. . light, . break, . dream. 12. . shake, . writing, . book. 13. . cube, . berg, . rink. 14. . cake, . present, . card. 15. . scape, . lady, . slide. 16. . car, . center, . ground. 17. address. visitor’s. note. .
Ex. 20Дополните предложения сложными существительными в скобках (это могут быть и составные существительные, и существительные в притяжательном падеже в простой или аналитической форме).
1. Your coat is on the . (back, chair). 2. You’ve just spilt the . (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some . (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my . (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a . (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that . (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. It’s such a mess in here. There are empty . (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The . (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The . (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your . (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the . (film, end)? 12. Here is . (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest . (Metro, station)? 14. It’s my . (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The . (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. I’ve got a . (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The . (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local . (school, state). 19. The annual . (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any . (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a . (coffee, cup)?
Ex.21. Заполните пропуски глаголом или существительным: advice – to advise, use – to use, abuse – to abuse, belief – to believe, relief – to relieve, grief – grieve, excuse – to excuse, breath – to breathe, half – to halve, house – to house, safe – to save, bath – to bathe.
1. It is my personal . that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep . and say “Ah”. 3. You should put your valuables in the . . 4. Drug . is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isn’t good for my skin, but I love sun . . 6. I’ve been so worried about you! It’s such a . to see you at last! 7. “What are we going to do with this cake?” “Cut it in two. You take . and I’ll take . .” 8. Can you show me how to . this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are . in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because she’d had a busy day, but that’s no . for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to . after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my . . Never marry for money. Marry for love.
Ex. 22. Напишите слово противоположное по значению, используя префикс
Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.
WORD-BUILDING (Test)
1. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите их:
Beautiful, function, artist, musician, heartless, economic, worker, badly, act, action, active, basic, fruitless, population, movement, historic, democratic, work, daily, literature, picture, organization, friendship, highly, leader, fight, fighter, national, impressive, hopeful, hopeless, beautiful, special, specialist, define, definition, humanism, humanist, humanistic, use, useful, useless.
2. Переведите слова на русский язык. Определите префикс и его значение:
Coauthor, undress, disarm, postwar, illegal, unkind, reconstruct, deformation, prewar,antihero , ex-champion, superhuman,disagreement,
3. Образуйте прилагательные от существительных при помощи следующих суффиксов: —al, —ful, —ous, -у, —able, —ible, —ic, —less, —ish. Переведите пары слов.
Reason, beauty, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, desire, boy, success, heart, experiment, form, office, danger, fame, electron, base, nature, cloud, sun, child, Scott, history, home.
4. Переведите предложения. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова. Назовите сложные слова:
1. Many pupils study English. 2. My grandfather has a large study. 3. Who ruled this country? 4. All sportsmen must obey the rules of the game. 5. The Soviet Union is tied by friendship with India in their work for peace. 6. All peace-loving people work for peace for the whole of mankind.
5. Назовите глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные:
Protection, show, writer, worker, movement, investigation, achieve ment, statement, reader, department, equipment, construction, organization, reporter, arrival, improvement, conductor, establishment, development, education, definition, regulation, assistance, agreement.
6. Переведите без словаря. Определите, к какой части речи относятся слова:
a) Specialist, institute, university, culture,cultural,centre, central, nation,national, international, organization, minister, nature, natural, traditional, progressive, moral, social, socialist, public, programmer, popular, modern, revolution, revolutionary, final, talent, continent, festival, political, experiment, experimentation, electricity, technical, transformation, system, systematically, practice, practical, seminar, lecture, lecturer, period, historic, history, professor, complex, form, acceleration, instrument, philosopher, idea, basic, fundamental, conceptions, mass, class, element, motor, method, problem, energy, radio, text, material, temperature, progress, television.
b) 1. France and England are European countries. 2. In the evening we like to listen to classical music. 3. We saw a comedy at the Drama Theatre last night. 4. Your train leaves from platform two. 5. This jazz orchestra gave several concerts in our town. 6. In 1610 Galileo constructed the first tele scope in the world. 7. This was a dangerous experiment.
7. Проанализируйте следующие слова, какие они? Определите их составляющие. Переведите на русский язык:
Ice-hockey, world-wide, bedroom, newspaper, long-term, birthplace, sportsman, apple-juice, peace-loving, schoolchildren, football, highland, television, underground, north-west, sometimes, lowland, landscape, well-known, multinational, network, vice-president.
8. Поставьте слово, указанное в скобках, в нужную форму.
1. My father is very . (act) even though he’s seventy. 2. I’ve always wanted to work in the theatre, but . (act) it isn’t a very secure profession. 3. I . (hope), we’ll soon find a solution to the problem. 4. Look . (care) to the left and to the right before crossing the road. 5. It was very . (care) of you to lose my watch. 6. I take two . (day) newspapers and three Sunday papers. 7. You’ve broken my camera! Look at it! It’s . (use)! 8. Thanks for the advice. It was really . (use). 9. I have some very . (noise) neighbours. 10. She became . (fame) as a result of her invention.
Видео:Словообразование на максимум | Задания 29-34Скачать
Суффиксы прилагательных — ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК ПО СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЮ — Задания 26-31 — ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
boss, brain, cloud, curl, cream, dirt, dream, dust, fault, filth, fizz, frost, fruit, gloom, gloss, greed, grocer, guilt, hair, hand, health, heart, luck, mess, might, milk, mint, mist, mood, naught, oil, peach, pearl, pepper, rain, risk, rock, rust, salt, sand, shower, silk, sleep, snow, soap, speed, spook, sport, thirst, trick, water, wealth, wind, word, worth
bossy, brainy, cloudy, curly, creamy, dirty, dreamy, dusty, faulty, filthy, fizzy, frosty, fruity, gloomy, glossy, greedy, grocery, guilty, hairy, handy, healthy, hearty, lucky, messy, mighty, milky, minty, misty, moody, naughty, oily, peachy, pearly, peppery, rainy, risky, rocky, rusty, salty, sandy, showery, silky, sleepy, snowy, soapy, speedy, spooky, sporty, thirsty, tricky, watery, wealthy, windy, wordy, worthy
anger, hunger, winter
angry, hungry, wintry
согласная буква на конце, стоящая после ударной гласной, удваивается + —y
bag, fat, flop, fog, fun, fur, gum, jam, knot, mud, nut, pig, rat, scrap, shrub, skin, spot, star, wit
baggy, fatty, floppy, foggy, funny, furry, gummy, jammy, knotty, muddy, nutty, piggy, ratty, scrappy, shrubby, skinny, spotty, starry, witty
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —е, —ена конце → —у
bone, breeze, curve, drizzle, ease, grease, ice, laze, noise, nose, price, shine, sleaze, smoke, spice, stone, stripe, taste, tide, wave
bony, breezy, curvy, drizzly, easy, greasy, icy, lazy, noisy, nosy, pricy, shiny, sleazy, smoky, spicy, stony, stripy, tasty, tidy, wavy
chocolate, home (Am), price
chocolatey, homey, pricey
catch, cheer, creak, crisp, croak, glitter, slipper, stick, stretch
catchy, cheery, creaky, crispy, croaky, glittery, slippery, sticky, stretchy
Удвоение согласной + —y
глаголы -е на конце → —y
choose, doze, drowse, giggle
choosy, dozy, drowsy, giggly
acryl, alcohol, algebra, alphabet, atom, class, ocean, electron, hero, magnet, nomad, organ, patriot, period, poet, prophet, robot, symbol
acrylic, alcoholic, algebraic, alphabetic, atomic, classic, oceanic, electronic, heroic, magnetic, nomadic, organic, patriotic, periodic, poetic, prophetic, robotic, symbolic
acrobat, democrat, diplomat
acrobatic, democratic, diplomatic
graph, photograph, telegraph
graphic, photographic, telegraphic
artist, capitalist, fatalist, journalist, idealist, linguist, materialist, nationalist, optimist, pessimist, realist, stylist
artistic, capitalistic, fatalistic, journalistic, idealistic, linguistic, materialistic, nationalistic, optimistic, pessimistic, realistic, stylistic
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —е, —ена конце → —ic
athlete, atmosphere, base, climate, satire
athletic, atmospheric, basic, climatic, satiric
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —ia, —iaна конце → —ic
dyslexia, nostalgia, encyclop(a)edia
dyslexic, nostalgic, encyclop(a)edic
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —y, —yна конце → —ic
academy, allergy, economy, geography, harmony, history, homeopathy, majesty, melancholy, melody, philosophy, strategy
academic, allergic, economic, geographic, harmonic, historic, homeopathic, majestic, melancholic, melodic, philosophic, strategic
некоторые существительные, оканчивающиеся на —y, —y →-etic
apology, energy, apathy, sympathy
apologetic, energetic, apathetic, sympathetic
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —a + —tic
aroma, asthma, cinema, drama, trauma
aromatic, asthmatic, cinematic, dramatic, traumatic
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —em, —om + —atic
emblem, problem, system, idiom, symptom
emblematic, problematic, systematic, idiomatic, symptomatic
atom, romance, science, tragedy, fantasy, volcano, character
atomic, romantic, scientific, tragic, fantastic, volcanic, characteristic
Arthur, Christ, Darwin, Newton, Paris
Arthurian, Christian, Darwinian, Newtonian, Parisian
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —ia + —n
Asia, Australia, Bulgaria, Eurasia, Georgia, India, Persia, Russia, Scandinavia, utopia, Victoria
Asian, Australian, Bulgarian, Eurasian, Georgian, Indian, Persian, Russian, Scandinavian, utopian, Victorian
Greece, Palestine, reptile, Rome
Grecian, Palestinian, reptilian, Roman
antiquary, Hungary, Italy
antiquarian, Hungarian, Italian
Belgium, Caucasus, Mars, Norway, Peru
Belgian, Caucasian, Martian,
behaviour, coast, digit, elector, form, herb, norm, orbit, origin, person, post, season, therm, verb, triumph, virgin, zodiac
behavioural, coastal, digital, electoral, formal, herbal, normal, orbital, original, personal, postal, seasonal, thermal, verbal, triumphal, virginal, zodiacal
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —tion/-sion + —al
addition, constitution, condition, conversation, education, emotion, exception, fiction, fraction, function, institution, instruction, nation, nutrition, operation, option, promotion, ration, recreation, region, tradition, vocation
additional, constitutional, conditional, conversational, educational, emotional, exceptional, fictional, fractional, functional, institutional, instructional, national, nutritional, operational, optional, promotional, rational, recreational, regional, traditional, vocational
division, occasion, procession, profession
divisional, occasional, processional, professional
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —ent + —al
accident, continent, environment, orient, experiment, parent, government, incident, instrument, monument, ornament, sentiment
accidental, continental, environmental, oriental, experimental, parental, governmental, incidental, instrumental, monumental, ornamental, sentimental
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —ic + —al
clinic, comic, critic, cynic, logic, magic, mechanic, music, mystic, topic
clinical, comical, critical, cynical, logical, magical, mechanical, musical, mystical, topical
mathematics, physics, politics, statistics
mathematical, physical, political, statistical
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —е, —eна конце → —al
agriculture, architecture, culture, nature, sculpture, procedure, structure
agricultural, architectural, cultural, natural, sculptural, procedural, structural
practice, spouse, universe, centre
practical, spousal, universal, central
Aborigine, commune, fate, globe, homicide
Aboriginal, communal, fatal, global, homicidal
ambassador, director, editor, equator, manager, professor, senator, tutor
ambassadorial, directorial, editorial, equatorial, managerial, professorial, senatorial, tutorial
commerce, face, office, finance, province, race
commercial, facial, official, financial, provincial, racial
circumstance, essence, confidence, influence
circumstantial, essential, confidential, influential
ceremony, colony, controversy, memory, industry, secretary
ceremonial, colonial, controversial, memorial, industrial, secretarial
alphabet, class, graph, period, poet, rhythm
alphabetical, classical, graphical, periodical, poetical, rhythmical
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —у, —yна конце → —ical
anatomy, arch(a)eology, astrology, astronomy, biology, botany, ecology, economy, geography, geology, history, irony, monarchy, pedagogy, philosophy, psychology, physiology, technology
anatomical, arch(a)eological, astrological, astronomical, biological, botanical, ecological, economical, geographical, geological, historical, ironical, monarchical, pedagogical, philosophical, psychological, physiological, technological
satire, theatre, type
satirical, theatrical, typical
+ —ual означает “основанный на”
fact, habit, instinct, intellect, sex, spirit
factual, habitual, instinctual, intellectual, sexual, spiritual
numeracy, surgery, theory
numeral/numerical, surgical, theoretical
benefit, choir, crime, horizon, society
beneficial, choral, criminal, horizontal, social
существительные + -less(суффикс —less имеет значение “отсутствие” и соответствует русской приставке “без/бес”)
age, aim, air, blood, bound, brain, breath, care, child, cloud, colour, count, defence, emotion, end, fear, form, friend, fruit, goal, ground, hair, harm, head, heart, help, home, hope, humour, job, leg, life, limit, meaning, motion, noise, pain, paper, point, power, price, purpose, seam, self, sense, shame, shape, skin, sleep, taste, thought, tune, use, wind, wire, wit, word, worth, etc.
ageless, aimless, airless, bloodless, boundless, brainless, breathless, careless, childless, cloudless, colourless, countless, defenceless, emotionless, endless, fearless, formless, friendless, fruitless, goalless, groundless, hairless, harmless, headless, heartless, helpless, homeless, hopeless, humourless, jobless, legless, lifeless, limitless, meaningless, motionless, noiseless, painless, paperless, pointless, powerless, priceless, purposeless, seamless, selfless, senseless, shameless, shapeless, skinless, sleepless, tasteless, thoughtless, tuneless, useless, windless, wireless, witless, wordless, worthless, etc.
mercy, penny, pity
merciless, penniless, pitiless
count, thank, tire
countless, thankless, tireless
brother, father, man, neighbour, sister, wife
brotherly, fatherly, manly, neighbourly, sisterly, wifely
king, knight, lord, master, priest, prince, queen, scholar
kingly, knightly, lordly, masterly, priestly, princely, queenly, scholarly
beast, coward, friend, gang, gentleman, miser
beastly, cowardly, friendly, gangly, gentlemanly, miserly
hour, month, night, time, week, year
hourly, monthly, nightly, timely, weekly, yearly
death, earth, ghost, god, heaven
deathly, earthly, ghostly, godly, heavenly
cost, disorder, leisure, love, order, shape
costly, disorderly, leisurely, lovely, orderly, shapely
east, north, south, west
easterly, northerly, southerly, westerly
dead, kind, live, lone, sick
deadly, kindly, lively, lonely, sickly
4.1. Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы —y/-ic/-(i)an/-(i)al/-less/-ly.
4.2. Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы —y/-ic/-(i)an/-(i)al/-less/-ly.
4.3. Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы —y/-ic/-(i)an/-(i)al/-less/-ly.
4.4. Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от слов, напечатанных в конце строк заглавными буквами.
1. It’s always good to see your ______________ smile.
2. John is very ______________ Everybody likes him.
3. The ______________ language of the UK is English.
4. The country needs time for an ______________ recovery.
5. His life was absolutely ______________ without his wife.
6. I am ______________ with you. Why are you so late?
7. ‘It is a ______________ moment,’ he told the journalists.
8. The soup is absolutely ______________. Pass me the salt, please.
9. Everything is ready for ______________ elections.
10. My brother enjoys wearing ______________ trousers.
4.5. Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от слов, напечатанных в конце строк заглавными буквами.
1. Jackson has got a ______________ collection of coins.
2. They have the most ______________ approach to advertising.
3. He looked ______________ as if he hadn’t eaten for ages.
4. This phenomenon can’t be explained from a ______________ point of view.
5. I started a new diet and added some exercises to my ______________ routine.
6. He was arrested because of his ______________ activity.
7. The ______________ period is the time when Queen Victoria ruled Britain.
8. The food in this café is always ______________.
9. You can hold this snake. It’s absolutely ______________.
10. ______________ identity is closely tied to geography.
4.6. Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
Youth subcultures have always played an (1) ______________ role in evolution. They are usually the cause of (2) ______________ social changes and even (3) ______________ events. Always separate from mainstream behaviours, they are regarded as a threat to the (4) ______________ status quo of a society and are therefore attacked by any means. Due to these (5) ______________ attacks, few subcultures ever last long enough to have a (6) ______________ influence.
The few that do, lead to changes that have a (7) ______________ impact on people’s lives. Nowadays, the explosion of the Internet has a (8) ______________ effect on the evolution of subcultures. It took the hippie movement almost a decade to evolve and grow from a group of drug users to a (9) ______________ subculture that changed (10) ______________ society forever. Today, however, subcultures evolve in weeks or months and can therefore have an immediate impact on a (11) ______________ scale. But at the same time, their growth is only based on (12) ______________ media, which makes it (13) ______________ for them to be controlled and transformed. Perhaps, this is the reason why we have not yet seen another subculture grow to be anything like the hippie movement was.
Суффиксы -ous, -able/-ible, -ful, -ive, -ing
anonym, danger, hazard, joy, mountain, murder, poison, ruin, synonym, thunder, venom
anonymous, dangerous, hazardous, joyous, mountainous, murderous, poisonous, ruinous, synonymous, thunderous, venomous
исключается —u— в британском написании
glamour, humour, rigour, vigour
glamorous, humorous, rigorous, vigorous
advantage, courage, disadvantage, outrage
advantageous, courageous, disadvantageous, outrageous
adventure, fame, nerve, ridicule
adventurous, famous, nervous, ridiculous
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —у, —у на конце → —i + —ous
ceremony, envy, fury, glory, harmony, industry, luxury, melody, mystery
ceremonious, envious, furious, glorious, harmonious, industrious, luxurious, melodious, mysterious
anxiety, notoriety, variety
anxious, notorious, various
существительные, оканчивающиеся на —ion, —on → —ous
ambition, caution, infection, nutrition, religion, repetition, superstition, suspicion
ambitious, cautious, infectious, nutritious, religious, repetitious, superstitious, suspicious
особые случаи прибавления —ous
delicacy, numeracy, jealousy, judiciary
delicious, numerous, jealous, judicious
marvel, libel, rebel
marvellous, libellous, rebellious
error, instant, miracle, tedium
erroneous, instantaneous, miraculous, tedious
continue, study, vary
continuous, study, vary
comfort, fashion, favour, honour, profit, reason, remark, season
comfortable, fashionable, favourable, honourable, profitable, reasonable, remarkable, seasonable
—e на конце не отбрасывается
knowledge, sale, size, service
changeable, knowledgeable, saleable, sizeable, serviceable
глаголы + —able = can be done
accept, adapt, adjust, afford, avail, avoid, bear, break, consider, count, depend, download, drink, eat, enjoy, predict, prefer, question, read, suit, renew, repair, wash, respect, sustain, work, understand
acceptable, adaptable, adjustable, affordable, available, avoidable, bearable, breakable, considerable, countable, dependable, downloadable, drinkable, eatable, enjoyable, predictable, preferable, questionable, readable, suitable, renewable, repairable, washable, respectable, sustainable, workable, understandable
согласная на конце, после ударной гласной удваивается
control, forget, program, regret, stop
controllable, (un)forgettable, programmable, regrettable, unstoppable
appreciate, separate, communicate, tolerate, demonstrate, operate, irritate
appreciable, separable, communicable, tolerable, demonstrable, operable, irritable
admire, adore, advise, argue, believe, breathe, commute, compare, consume, cure, debate, desire, dispose, endure, execute,
admirable, adorable, advisable, arguable, believable, breathable, commutable, comparable, consumable, curable, debatable, desirable, disposable, endurable,
note, grade, love, imagine, measure, move, observe, quote, recognise/recognize, recycle, remove, substitute, value
executable, notable, gradable, lovable, imaginable, measurable, movable, observable, quotable, recognisable/recognizable, recyclable, removable, substitutable, valuable
исключения: e на конце не отбрасывается
change, charge, like, manage, move, notice, replace, trace
changeable, chargeable, likeable, manageable, moveable, noticeable, replaceable, traceable
deny, justify, modify, pity, rely, vary
deniable, justifiable, modifiable, pitiable, reliable, variable
charity, society, apply, hospitality
charitable, sociable, applicable, hospitable
access, convert, corrupt, deduct, flex, resist, suggest
accessible, convertible, corruptible, deductible, flexible, irresistible, suggestible
collapse, force, reduce, reverse
collapsible, forcible, reducible, reversible
comprehend, defend, respond
comprehensible, defensible, responsible
credit, divide, perceive
(in)credible, divisible, perceptible
addict, defect, effect, object, prospect, subject
addictive, defective, effective, objective, prospective, subjective
excess, mass, reflex
excessive, massive, reflexive
abuse, expense, state
abusive, expensive, stative
act, affect, attract, elect, construct, correct, instruct, interact, react, protect, predict, reflect, respect, restrict, select
active, affective, attractive, elective, constructive, corrective, instructive, interactive, reactive, protective, predictive, reflective, respective, restrictive, selective, etc.
adapt, adopt, disrupt
adaptive, adoptive, disruptive
depress, express, impress, obsess, progress
depressive, expressive, impressive, obsessive, progressive
contrast, digest, exhaust
contrastive, digestive, exhaustive
affirm, inform, represent
affirmative, informative, representative
administrate, alternate, commemorate, create, communicate, cooperate, decorate, demonstrate, educate, execute, illustrate, indicate, innovate, negate, operate, relate, vegetate
administrative, alternative, commemorative, creative, communicative, cooperative, decorative, demonstrative, educative, executive, illustrative, indicative, innovative, negative, operative, relative, vegetative
compare, cure, declare, restore
comparative, curative, declarative, restorative
cause, conserve, derive, imagine
causative, conservative, derivative, imaginative
deduce, produce, reduce, reproduce
deductive, productive, reductive, reproductive
deceive, perceive, receive
deceptive, perceptive, receptive
apprehend, comprehend, defend, extend, offend
apprehensive, comprehensive, defensive, extensive, offensive
conclude, exclude, invade, include, intrude, persuade
conclusive, exclusive, invasive, inclusive, intrusive, persuasive
decide, divide, explode
decisive, divisive, explosive
compete, repeat, sense
competitive, repetitive, sensitive
boast, care, cheer, law, colour, delight, doubt, dread, faith, fear, fright, fruit, grace, grate, harm, hate, help, hope, joy, meaning, pain, peace, power, purpose, regret, resource, respect, skill, stress, tact, success, tune, thought, truth, use, waste, watch, wonder, youth
boastful, careful, cheerful, lawful, colourful, delightful, doubtful, dreadful, faithful, fearful, frightful, fruitful, graceful, grateful, harmful, hateful, helpful, hopeful, joyful, meaningful, painful, peaceful, powerful, purposeful, regretful, resourceful, respectful, skilful, stressful, tactful, successful, tuneful, thoughtful, truthful, useful, wasteful, watchful, wonderful, youthful
beauty, bounty, duty, fancy, mercy, pity, plenty
beautiful, bountiful, dutiful, fanciful, merciful, pitiful, plentiful
forget, resent, thank
forgetful, resentful, thankful
annoy, astonish, correspond, depress, develop, disappoint, disgust, embarrass, entertain, exhaust, fail, follow, help, interest, relax, reward, shock, terrify, work, worry
annoying, astonishing, corresponding, depressing, developing, disappointing, disgusting, embarrassing, entertaining, exhausting, failing, following, helping, interesting, relaxing, rewarding, shocking, terrifying, working, worrying
amaze, amuse, bore, care, challenge, change, convince, excite, fascinate, freeze, supervise, surprise
amazing, amusing, boring, caring, challenging, changing, convincing, exciting, fascinating, freezing, supervising, surprising
4.7. Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы —ous, -able/-ible, -ive, -ful.
4.8. Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы —ous, -able/-ible, -ive, -ful.
4.9. Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы —ous, -able/-ible, -ive, -ful.
4.10. Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от слов, напечатанных в конце строк заглавными буквами.
1. Julia has made _____________ progress in French.
2. It’s a _____________ story with a bit of romance in it.
3. The fortress was _____________ against the power of nature.
4. This _____________ hat can match any wardrobe.
5. _____________ parts make modern technology
6. This dress is rather _____________. I won’t buy it.
7. My sister is not afraid of anything. She is very _____________.
8. This job gave him _____________ experience.
9. The weather has been really _____________ all week.
10. ‘The Beatles’ were the most _____________ group of the 70s.
4.11. Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от слов, напечатанных в конце строк заглавными буквами.
1. There was a _____________ debate over our proposal.
2. After a few years, he became very _____________ at drawing.
3. The girl looked cold and _____________.
4. The hotel is proud of its _____________ staff.
5. She’s a very _____________ person.
6. It would be _____________ to consult your doctor first.
7. I’m still _____________ whether I should accept this job.
8. Information should be _____________ to the public.
9. We have got a wide choice of _____________ subjects at our school.
10. _____________ My uncle’s company is very _____________.
4.12. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от слов в скобках, так, чтобы они лексически и грамматически соответствовали тексту.
While the computer is an incredibly (1) _____________ (use) tool, wasting time on it seems to be all too easy. Although time spent online can be hugely (2) _____________ (produce), compulsive Internet use can interfere with daily life, work, and relationships. When you feel more (3) _____________ (comfort) with your online friends than your real ones, or you can’t stop yourself from playing games or surfing the Net, then you may be using the Internet too much. Moreover, Facebook and other social media websites can be (4) _____________ (hazard) to teenagers’ mental health.
The types of behaviour and (5) _____________ (negate) consequences are similar to those known as (6) _____________ (addict) disorders therefore the term Computer or Internet Addiction has come into use. Computer addiction, especially to such features like games or instant messaging, are just as (7) _____________ (power) as drug addiction, and (8) _____________ (excess) computer usage could lead to more serious problems down the road. First of all, it can be highly (9) _____________ (disrupt) in the work environment and has a great impact on productivity.
(10) _____________ (vary) types of computer addicts have different reasons for their habits. However, all of them show similar symptoms of addiction. They become more (11) _____________ (irritate) and neglect their everyday responsibilities.
Learning how to deal with the warning signs of computer addiction by taking action before things get out of hand can be really (12) _____________ (help). There are (13) _____________ (number) articles, websites and (14) _____________ (end) discussions on the internet on the subject.
For some people, total abstinence may be a (15) _____________ (reason) cure, but that may not be a (16) _____________ (practice) option if your work or school requires online activity. An important aspect of overcoming Internet and computer addiction is to find (17) _____________ (alternate) ways to deal with (18) _____________ (stress) situations. In this case, the most (19) _____________ (effect) solution to fight cyber addiction could be a step-by-step recovery program, which may likely mean (20) _____________ (profession) assistance.
Комплексные упражнения в формате ЕГЭ
4.13. Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от слов, напечатанных в конце строк заглавными буквами.
1. It is a very _____________ road.
2. This cabin is very _____________.
3. Great Britain is an _____________ country.
4. Chamonix is a _____________ skiing resort in the French Alps.
5. She plays the guitar and she is very _____________.
6. It was so _____________ that she couldn’t see anything.
7. Her mother is very _____________. She always tries to save money.
8. Everyone knows this actress. She is very _____________.
9. The National Gallery is in the _____________ part of the city.
10. The guide was very _____________ and answered all our questions.
4.14. Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от слов, напечатанных в конце строк заглавными буквами.
1. It is a very _____________ job.
2. She’s getting very _____________ in her old age.
3. I enjoy _____________ weather.
4. Jane is very _____________. She always keeps her promise.
5. The _____________ language is rather difficult to learn.
6. All the dancers were wearing _____________ costumes.
7. The water in this river is quite _____________.
8. I make _____________ trips to the grocery store.
9. It’s not _____________ to wear long skirts at the moment.
10. You’re a great cook and your pies are really _____________.
4.15. Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
Global tourism is big business. It can bring substantial (1) _____________ gain to developing regions. But what are the (2) _____________ effects of tourism? The Mediterranean is the (3) _____________ sea in the whole world. Most popular resorts are polluted: litter has become a (4) _____________ problem. A lot of ancient monuments are being destroyed by the (5) _____________ march of tourists. For example, the (6) _____________ ancient paintings at Lascaux in France were being slowly ruined by the breath from 200,000 visitors a year until they were closed to the public. Many of great European cities are now finding that their (7) _____________ centres are fast becoming occupied by tourists with clicking cameras and left by all local residents except for the souvenir sellers. So what’s the way out? No doubt tourism should be given a (8) _____________ direction. Governments should create programmes to support local residents and to protect (9) _____________ monuments. (10) _____________ groups should work together to assure that tourism can maintain long-term benefits.
4.16. Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
There are lots of ways to prevent or fight obesity. Having a (1) _____________ diet and exercise doesn’t have to be hard, boring or (2) _____________ ‘Body of Fire’ is a (3) _____________ 12-week fitness program. You can do all the exercises at home. However, that doesn’t mean that they’re easy or (4) _____________. You need to be ready to make a real effort as they can be quite (5) _____________. Moreover, they will also be (6) and burn lots of calories. In addition to the workouts, you will get a (7) _____________ nutrition guide and meal plans to make sure you’re eating what you need to burn off (8) _____________ body fat. One of the biggest challenges of any fitness plan is to see it through. It’s very easy to stay (9) _____________ at first when you’re just starting out, but after a while you may find it hard to stick to a workout plan. Then you may begin to find excuses to miss workouts. This can prove to be (10) _____________ as you can quickly slide back to those habits that got you overweight or out of shape.
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